What Is Vitiligo?
Vitiligo is an autoimmune condition in which the immune system attacks and destroys melanocytes, the cells responsible for skin pigment. This results in patches of skin that are completely depigmented — a stark, milky white, without any scale or texture change.
Vitiligo often appears symmetrically on both sides of the body and commonly affects the hands, face, and areas around body openings, though it can appear anywhere, including hair (causing premature graying or white patches). It's a chronic condition that can be progressive, and is sometimes associated with other autoimmune conditions like thyroid disease.
Causes
- Autoimmune destruction of melanocytes (pigment-producing cells)
- A genetic predisposition — vitiligo can run in families
- Association with other autoimmune conditions in some patients
- Triggers such as significant stress, skin trauma, or sunburn are sometimes reported preceding a flare, though the exact mechanism isn't fully understood
Symptoms
- Patches of milky-white, depigmented skin, often symmetric on both sides of the body
- Premature whitening or graying of scalp, eyelash, eyebrow, or beard hair
- Patches most commonly on the hands, face, and around the eyes, nose, and mouth
- Patches can be stable for long periods or gradually enlarge over time
Treatment Options at Dermatology of Seattle
- Topical prescription treatment to help repigment affected areas
- Phototherapy (narrowband UVB, available in-office) — one of the most effective treatments for many patients
- Newer topical options targeting the specific immune pathway involved in vitiligo
- Camouflage and sun protection guidance, since depigmented skin burns more easily
When to See a Dermatologist
See a dermatologist for any new patches of depigmented skin to confirm the diagnosis and discuss treatment options — the earlier treatment starts, the better the potential response in many cases. A dermatologist can also screen for associated autoimmune conditions when appropriate.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is vitiligo dangerous?
Vitiligo itself isn't physically dangerous, but affected skin lacks natural pigment protection and burns more easily in the sun, so sun protection is especially important. Vitiligo can also have a real emotional and cosmetic impact, which is a valid reason to seek treatment.
Can vitiligo be cured?
There's currently no permanent cure, but treatment — especially phototherapy and newer topical medications — can meaningfully repigment affected skin for many patients, particularly when started earlier in the course of the condition.
Is vitiligo contagious?
No. Vitiligo is an autoimmune condition, not an infection, and cannot be spread to other people through any type of contact.