Keloid scars can be both physically uncomfortable and emotionally distressing. Unlike typical scars, they grow beyond the boundaries of the original wound and can persist or worsen over time. This blog explores why keloid scars form, the latest treatment options to flatten them, and practical steps for managing their appearance.
Understanding Keloid Scars
Keloid scars result from an overproduction of collagen during the healing process. Rather than stopping when the wound closes, the body continues forming scar tissue, leading to thick, raised areas that can itch, feel tender, or cause tightness.
Definition and Characteristics
Keloid scars are a type of raised scar that:
- Extend beyond the original wound site
- Can be pink, red, purple, or darker than the surrounding skin
- May feel firm or rubbery to the touch
- Sometimes cause itching, pain, or irritation
They’re often found on the chest, shoulders, earlobes, and cheeks but can appear anywhere on the body.
Causes of Keloid Scars
While anyone can develop keloids, certain people are more prone than others. Common causes and contributing factors include:
- Skin injuries like cuts, burns, surgical incisions, or acne
- Genetics, as keloids often run in families
- Darker skin tones, which statistically show higher incidence rates
- Ear piercings, tattoos, or vaccinations that trigger abnormal scar tissue growth
- Tension or movement in healing areas, especially over joints or mobile areas
Recognizing these risk factors can help with prevention or early intervention.
Current Treatment Options
There’s no universal cure for keloid scars, but several treatment approaches can help reduce their size, thickness, and discomfort. The choice often depends on the scar’s size, location, and patient preference.
Steroid Injections
One of the most common first-line treatments, corticosteroid injections can:
- Reduce inflammation and flatten raised tissue
- Ease itching and discomfort
- Be repeated every few weeks for better results
- Work well for small to medium-sized keloids
Although effective, they may not completely remove the scar and can sometimes lead to skin thinning.
Surgical Removal
Surgical excision is often considered for larger or more stubborn keloid scars, but it’s not always a standalone solution. In fact, recurrence is common if surgery isn’t paired with additional therapies.
- Best for bulky or restrictive keloids
- Often combined with steroid injections, pressure therapy, or radiation to minimize regrowth
- May require multiple sessions depending on healing response
- Risk of recurrence if post-op care isn’t managed carefully
It’s important to work with a dermatologist or plastic surgeon experienced in scar revision.
Laser Therapy
Laser treatment offers a less invasive alternative for flattening and fading keloid scars. This approach:
- Targets pigmentation and smooths texture
- Can reduce redness and thickness over time
- May require multiple sessions for visible results
- Works best when paired with other therapies like corticosteroids or silicone gels
While not always a permanent fix, laser therapy can provide cosmetic improvement with minimal downtime.
Emerging Treatment Approaches
Medical science continues to evolve, and newer methods are being tested to improve outcomes for those struggling with keloids. These emerging therapies show promise, especially for patients who haven’t responded to traditional care.
Cryotherapy
Cryotherapy involves freezing the keloid tissue using liquid nitrogen. It works by destroying scar cells and reducing inflammation. This technique:
- Is especially useful for smaller keloids
- May be repeated over several sessions for optimal results
- Can be combined with corticosteroid injections for better outcomes
- Sometimes causes lightening of the treated skin area
Cryotherapy is not typically the first-line treatment but offers an alternative when others have failed.
Silicone Gel Sheets
Silicone gel sheets are a popular at-home or post-procedure option that help prevent and flatten scars. These transparent patches:
- Hydrate and protect the scar tissue
- Can reduce thickness, redness, and discomfort
- Are safe for long-term daily use
- Often used after surgery to minimize recurrence
They are non-invasive and can be part of a consistent keloid management routine.
Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy is typically reserved for severe or recurrent keloids, especially when other treatments haven’t worked. Administered shortly after surgical removal, it:
- Helps destroy remaining keloid-forming cells
- Lowers the risk of recurrence significantly
- Requires careful evaluation due to potential side effects
- Is usually performed under the guidance of oncology or dermatology specialists
Though powerful, it’s generally only used in cases where the benefits outweigh the risks.
Lifestyle Changes to Manage Keloid Scars
Keloid scars can be stubborn, but certain lifestyle adjustments may help manage their appearance and prevent them from worsening. While these steps won’t eliminate existing scars, they can support overall skin health and reduce the chance of new keloids forming.
Proper Wound Care
One of the best ways to prevent keloid development is to manage skin injuries carefully from the start:
- Clean wounds gently but thoroughly to reduce the risk of infection
- Apply an antibiotic ointment as directed to promote healing
- Avoid unnecessary trauma, picking, or scratching at healing skin
- Cover the area with a breathable bandage when needed
- Consider using silicone sheets early in the healing process
Taking these precautions may minimize excessive scar tissue formation and reduce your need for more aggressive treatments later.
Avoiding Sun Exposure
Ultraviolet (UV) rays can darken scars and make them more noticeable. If you have keloids:
- Limit sun exposure, especially in the first 6–12 months after injury or surgery
- Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher on exposed scar tissue
- Wear protective clothing when outdoors for extended periods
- Avoid tanning beds and intense sun altogether if possible
Shielding keloids from UV rays won’t shrink them, but it can prevent discoloration and irritation that makes them stand out.
Maintaining a Healthy Diet
Your skin’s ability to heal is closely tied to your overall health, including what you eat. While diet alone won’t erase keloid scars, it plays a supporting role in skin regeneration and immune response.
- Include foods rich in vitamin C (like citrus fruits and bell peppers) to support collagen formation
- Choose sources of zinc (such as seeds, nuts, and legumes) to assist with wound healing
- Stay hydrated to keep skin supple and reduce irritation
- Avoid excessive sugar and processed foods, which may contribute to inflammation
A balanced diet helps your body repair skin efficiently, which could lessen the risk of scar overgrowth in the future.
Disclaimer
This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. If you have a keloid scar or other skin concern, consult a licensed dermatologist or healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and personalized treatment.
